Did you know? I have collected 190 literary devices just for you! Whether you’re a teacher, writer, student, or just curious, I explains them all in a simple way. For example, figurative, wordplay, structural, rhetorical, Character-Related, Sound, narrative, poetic, stylistic, repetition, common and uncommon devices. After reading 70% of it, I’m sure you won’t need to search for more about literary devices.
What are the Literary Devices or Techniques?
Literary devices or techniques are stylistic narrative strategies authors use to enhance storytelling, convey emotions, and create deeper or figurative or literal meaning in writing.
Literary devices use to create a connection between the words that not we see in the creative writing. I share these literary devices in a very easy way, that give ability to you to use their full potential—whether in prose, poetry, poems, or any other literary work/text.
What are the Figurative devices?
Figurative language devices are subcategory of literary devices which make the imaginative word in their reader’s mind while writing. most common figurative devices is metaphor and simile which compare two things with each other, other figurative devices like allusion, personification, hyperbole etc.
Allusion
An allusion is a brief reference to a person, place, event, or another piece of literature, often without explicitly naming it. It connects your writing to a larger world of ideas or culture.
Example:
- In The Waste Land by T.S. Eliot, “April is the cruellest month” refers to The Canterbury Tales by Chaucer.
Exercise:
Write a sentence describing a character’s strength. Add an allusion to a myth or historical figure, like comparing them to Hercules or Joan of Arc.
Analogy
An analogy explains a complex idea by comparing it to something simpler, showing how the two are alike in certain ways. It helps clarify thoughts and deepen understanding.
Example:
- In Romeo and Juliet by Shakespeare: “What’s in a name? That which we call a rose by any other name would smell as sweet.” This compares the significance of names to the scent of a rose.
Exercise:
Describe the relationship between learning and building a house. Write a paragraph comparing foundational knowledge to the house’s foundation and advanced skills to the roof.
Metaphor
A metaphor directly compares two things by stating one is the other, creating vivid imagery and deep connections. It doesn’t use “like” or “as.”
Example:
- In As You Like It by Shakespeare: “All the world’s a stage, and all the men and women merely players.” This compares life to a stage and people to actors.
Exercise:
Write a metaphor to describe a storm, such as “The storm was a raging beast, tearing through the sky.” Try creating metaphors for emotions like love or fear.
Simile
A simile compares two things using “like” or “as” to create vivid imagery and show similarity. It makes descriptions more relatable.
Example:
- In A Red, Red Rose by Robert Burns: “O my Luve’s like a red, red rose.” This compares love to a fresh, vibrant rose.
Exercise:
Write a simile to describe a sunset, such as “The sunset was like a painting splashed across the sky.” Practice with emotions like happiness or sadness.
Personification
Personification gives human traits to non-human things, making them feel alive and relatable. It brings vividness and emotion to descriptions.
Example:
- In Romeo and Juliet by Shakespeare: “Arise, fair sun, and kill the envious moon.” The moon is given human emotions like envy.
Exercise:
Describe a storm as if it were a person, such as “The storm roared in anger, shaking the trees.” Practice with objects like the wind or a river.
Hyperbole
Hyperbole is an extreme exaggeration used for emphasis or humor. It helps make descriptions more dramatic or memorable.
Example:
- In Macbeth by Shakespeare: “Will all great Neptune’s ocean wash this blood clean from my hand?” This exaggerates guilt by implying it’s unremovable.
Exercise:
Write a hyperbolic sentence about being hungry, like “I could eat a mountain of pancakes!” Try exaggerating feelings like joy or frustration.
Litotes
Litotes is a figure of speech that uses understatement to emphasize an idea by negating its opposite. It often conveys subtlety or modesty.
Example:
- In Beowulf: “That was no small feat.” This understatement highlights the greatness of the achievement.
Exercise:
Write a sentence using litotes to describe a challenging task, like “It’s not exactly a walk in the park.” Practice with situations like winning an award or solving a problem.
Symbolism
Symbolism uses objects, colors, or events to represent deeper meanings or abstract ideas. It adds layers of understanding to a story.
Example:
- In The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald: The green light symbolizes Gatsby’s dreams and unattainable future.
Exercise:
Choose an object, like a candle, and write how it could symbolize hope or persistence. Practice by describing its significance in a short paragraph.
Synecdoche
Synecdoche is a figure of speech where a part of something represents the whole, or the whole represents a part. It creates concise, impactful imagery.
Example:
- In Julius Caesar by Shakespeare: “Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears.” “Ears” represents attention.
Exercise:
Write a sentence using synecdoche, like “All hands on deck” (hands represent sailors). Try crafting examples for work, love, or teamwork.
Metonymy
Metonymy replaces the name of something with a related word or concept, making expressions concise and symbolic.
Example:
- In Julius Caesar by Shakespeare: “The crown will decide.” Here, “crown” represents royal power or authority.
Exercise:
Write a sentence using metonymy, like “The White House issued a statement” (White House represents the U.S. President). Practice with phrases for leadership or institutions.
Irony
Irony is when words or situations convey a meaning opposite to their literal meaning or expected outcome, creating surprise or humor.
Example:
In Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare, Juliet is alive, but Romeo mistakenly believes she is dead and takes his life.
Exercise:
Write a short dialogue where a character says something ironic. For example, they could sarcastically say, “What a beautiful day!” while it’s pouring rain.
Oxymoron
An oxymoron combines two contradictory words to create a striking or thought-provoking effect.
Example:
In Romeo and Juliet, Juliet describes her feelings for Romeo as “loving hate.”
Exercise:
Create five oxymoron’s and use them in a short descriptive paragraph. For instance, “bitter sweet,” “deafening silence,” or “jumbo shrimp.”
Juxtaposition
Juxtaposition places two contrasting ideas, images, or objects side by side to highlight their differences.
Example:
In A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens, the opening line contrasts extremes: “It was the best of times, it was the worst of times.”
Exercise:
Describe a scene where two contrasting elements are highlighted, such as a bustling city next to a quiet countryside.
Imagery
Imagery uses vivid descriptions to appeal to the senses—sight, sound, smell, taste, and touch.
Example:
In Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck, the Salinas River is described with rich imagery: “A few miles south of Soledad, the Salinas River drops in close to the hillside bank and runs deep and green.”
Exercise:
Write a paragraph describing your favorite place using at least three sensory details, like the smell of fresh grass, the sound of birds, and the warmth of the sun.
Idiom
An idiom is a common phrase or expression with a figurative meaning different from its literal one.
Example:
“Break the ice” means to start a conversation or create a relaxed atmosphere.
Exercise:
Write a conversation where characters use three idioms, such as “spill the beans,” “hit the nail on the head,” or “cost an arm and a leg.”
Kenning
A kenning is a compound expression used in place of a common noun, often found in Old English poetry.
Example:
In Beowulf, the sea is called a “whale-road.”
Exercise:
Create five kennings for everyday objects, such as “sky-candle” for the sun or “word-hoard” for a book. Write a short poem using these kennings.
Myth
A myth is a traditional story, often involving supernatural beings or events, used to explain natural phenomena, cultural practices, or universal truths.
Example:
In Greek mythology, the myth of Prometheus explains the origin of fire. Prometheus steals fire from the gods to give it to humanity, symbolizing knowledge and enlightenment (Hesiod’s Theogony).
Writing Exercise:
- Create a myth about a modern phenomenon (e.g., the internet).
- Use supernatural characters and describe their actions vividly.
Zoomorphism
Zoomorphism is attributing animal characteristics to humans, objects, or gods.
Example:
In Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck, Lennie is described as “strong as a bull,” reflecting his physical power and animalistic traits.
Writing Exercise:
- Write a short paragraph where you describe a person using animal traits.
- Focus on movement, habits, or appearance.
Understatement
An understatement is a literary device where something is intentionally downplayed to emphasize its significance.
Example:
In Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare, Mercutio’s line, “’Tis but a scratch,” minimizes the seriousness of his fatal wound.
Writing Exercise:
- Write a dialogue where a character understates a serious event.
- Ensure the true importance is clear through context.
Overstatement
Overstatement, or hyperbole, exaggerates a concept to create emphasis or effect.
Example:
In Macbeth by William Shakespeare, Macbeth says, “Will all great Neptune’s ocean wash this blood clean from my hand?” to stress his guilt.
Writing Exercise:
- Write a description of a small event (e.g., spilling coffee) using overstatement.
- Add emotional weight to the event through exaggeration.
Apostrophe
Apostrophe is a direct address to an absent person, an abstract idea, or an inanimate object.
Example:
In Ode to a Grecian Urn by John Keats, the speaker directly addresses the urn: “Thou still unravish’d bride of quietness.”
Writing Exercise:
- Write a poem addressing an inanimate object (e.g., a clock).
- Express emotions or thoughts as if the object could respond.
Pathetic Fallacy
Pathetic fallacy attributes human emotions to nature or inanimate objects, reflecting a character’s mood.
Example:
In Wuthering Heights by Emily Brontë, stormy weather mirrors Heathcliff’s turbulent emotions.
Writing Exercise:
- Write a scene where the weather reflects a character’s inner feelings.
- Use vivid imagery to connect nature with emotion.
Antithesis
Antithesis is a rhetorical device that contrasts two opposing ideas in a balanced structure.
Example:
In A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens: “It was the best of times, it was the worst of times,” contrasts extremes to highlight the era’s contradictions.
Writing Exercise:
- Write a sentence contrasting two ideas (e.g., love and hate).
- Use parallel structure for balance.
Euphemism
A euphemism softens harsh or unpleasant realities by using gentler language.
Example:
In Hamlet by William Shakespeare, “to sleep: perchance to dream” refers to death in a softer manner.
Writing Exercise:
- Write five euphemisms for common uncomfortable topics (e.g., aging, job loss).
- Use them in a short narrative.
Dysphemism
Dysphemism is using blunt or offensive terms to emphasize harshness or negativity.
Example:
In King Lear by William Shakespeare, “the dragon and his wrath” vividly describes Lear’s anger and tyranny.
Writing Exercise:
- Rewrite a polite description (e.g., “passed away”) using dysphemism.
- Compare how the tone shifts.
Trope
A trope is a recurring theme, motif, or cliché in literature, often shaping storytelling conventions.
Example:
The “hero’s journey” trope, popularized in The Odyssey by Homer, involves a protagonist undergoing trials to achieve personal growth.
Writing Exercise:
- Identify a trope in your favorite story.
- Write a short story that subverts or reimagines this trope.
Synesthesia
Synesthesia describes one sense in terms of another, blending sensory experiences.
Example:
In Ode to a Nightingale by John Keats, “tasting of Flora and the country green” combines taste and sight.
Writing Exercise:
- Describe a sound using visual terms (e.g., “The melody sparkled like sunlight”).
- Experiment with combining other senses.
Verisimilitude
Verisimilitude is the quality of appearing true or realistic in literature, enhancing believability.
Example:
In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain, the use of regional dialects creates a realistic portrayal of 19th-century America.
Writing Exercise:
- Write a paragraph describing a fictional town using realistic details (e.g., smells, sounds, habits).
- Ensure readers can visualize the setting as authentic.
Innuendo
Innuendo is a subtle or indirect hint, often with a suggestive or critical meaning.
Example:
In The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, characters often hint at Gatsby’s mysterious past through innuendos like “he killed a man.”
Writing Exercise:
- Write a dialogue where a character hints at something scandalous without stating it outright.
- Focus on word choice to imply meaning.
Epithet
An epithet is a descriptive phrase or adjective that highlights a character’s prominent qualities.
Example:
In Homer’s The Iliad, Achilles is called “swift-footed,” emphasizing his speed and skill in battle.
Writing Exercise:
- Create three epithets for well-known figures (e.g., “Iron-willed leader” for a politician).
- Use one in a short story to describe a character’s defining trait.
what are the Wordplay devices?
Wordplay devices are linguistic techniques used to create humor, cleverness, or emphasis in writing or speech. These devices manipulate language’s structure, sound, or meaning to entertain or provoke thought.
Pun
A pun is a play on words that exploits multiple meanings or similar sounds for humorous or rhetorical effect.
Example:
In Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare, Mercutio quips, “Ask for me tomorrow, and you shall find me a grave man,” blending humor with the double meaning of “grave.”
Writing Exercise:
- Write three puns based on everyday objects (e.g., “I’m reading a book on anti-gravity; it’s impossible to put down”).
- Use one in a short dialogue.
Paronomasia
Paronomasia is a more specific form of pun that uses similar-sounding words with different meanings.
Example:
In Much Ado About Nothing by William Shakespeare, Claudio says, “The prince woos for himself,” using “woos” (courts romantically) to imply betrayal.
Writing Exercise:
- Write a sentence using two similar-sounding words with different meanings.
- Ensure both meanings add depth or humor to the context.
Malapropism
Malapropism is the mistaken use of a similar-sounding word in place of the correct one, often for comedic effect.
Example:
In Sheridan’s The Rivals, Mrs. Malaprop says, “Illiterate him quite from your memory,” confusing “illiterate” with “obliterate.”
Writing Exercise:
- Create a character who frequently uses malapropisms.
- Write a short scene where their errors create confusion or humor.
Spoonerism
Spoonerism is a verbal slip where the initial sounds of two words are swapped, often resulting in humorous phrases.
Example:
No direct literary examples exist, but a common spoonerism might be, “You’ve hissed all my mystery lectures,” instead of “missed all my history lectures.”
Writing Exercise:
- Write five spoonerisms (e.g., “shoving leopard” for “loving shepherd”).
- Use one in a funny dialogue.
Neologism
A neologism is a newly coined word or expression, often created to describe emerging concepts.
Example:
In 1984 by George Orwell, terms like “doublethink” and “newspeak” were invented to fit the dystopian world.
Writing Exercise:
- Invent three neologisms for modern trends or technologies (e.g., “digitox” for detoxing from digital devices).
- Write a paragraph using one of them.
Portmanteau
A portmanteau combines parts of two words to create a new one with blended meanings.
Example:
Lewis Carroll’s Through the Looking-Glass features portmanteaus like “slithy” (slimy + lithe) in the poem “Jabberwocky.”
Writing Exercise:
- Create five portmanteaus for hybrid concepts (e.g., “brunch” = breakfast + lunch).
- Use one in a short narrative.
Double entendre
Double entendre is a phrase with two interpretations, one often risqué or humorous.
Example:
In Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales, “he was a carpenter by trade” hints at both literal carpentry and constructing schemes.
Writing Exercise:
- Write a sentence with a double entendre, keeping one meaning subtle.
- Reflect on how the dual meaning enhances humor or intrigue.
Play on words
Play on words is a broad term for any clever or humorous use of language, including puns, double entendres, and wordplay.
Example:
In Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll, the Mock Turtle’s lesson on “reeling and writhing” is a playful twist on “reading and writing.”
Writing Exercise:
- Create three short sentences that play with homophones or multiple meanings (e.g., “Time flies like an arrow; fruit flies like a banana”).
- Share them with a friend and see which ones they find funniest.
Eutrepismus
Eutrepismus is a rhetorical device where a speaker or writer organizes points into numbered or logical parts for clarity.
Example:
In Martin Luther King Jr.’s speeches, he often structures arguments into clear lists, like: “First, we must face our fears. Second, we must act with courage.”
Writing Exercise:
- Write a short persuasive paragraph outlining three points for a debate.
- Use transitions like “First,” “Next,” and “Finally” to guide readers.
Anagram
An anagram rearranges the letters of a word or phrase to form a new one, often with a hidden or humorous meaning.
Example:
In Harry Potter, “Tom Marvolo Riddle” is an anagram for “I am Lord Voldemort,” revealing his true identity.
Writing Exercise:
- Choose a name or phrase and create an anagram from it (e.g., “Listen” → “Silent”).
- Use the anagram in a creative way within a short story.
Mondegreen
A mondegreen is a misheard phrase, often from a song or poem, that results in an amusing reinterpretation.
Example:
In Sylvia Wright’s essay, she misheard the lyric “laid him on the green” as “Lady Mondegreen,” coining the term.
Writing Exercise:
Think of a song lyric you’ve misheard and write down the funny version.
Imagine how the mondegreen might change the meaning of the song.
Meiosis
Meiosis is an understatement that diminishes the significance of something, often for ironic or rhetorical effect.
Example:
In Cyrano de Bergerac by Edmond Rostand, Cyrano dismisses his enormous nose as a “small flaw,” creating humor through understatement.
Writing Exercise:
- Write a dialogue where a character downplays a big event (e.g., a storm is described as “a bit windy”).
- Ensure the contrast between words and reality creates humor or irony.
Metalepsis
Metalepsis is a complex figure of speech where a distant or indirect reference is made, often requiring the audience to make connections between multiple layers of meaning.
Example:
In Hamlet, Shakespeare uses metalepsis when Hamlet says, “It is a custom more honored in the breach than the observance,” suggesting that customs are better understood through their violations.
Writing Exercise:
- Write a sentence that uses a well-known saying or idea and twists it to imply something deeper.
- Reflect on how this layered meaning adds complexity to the statement.
What are the Structural Devices?
Structural devices organize ideas within text to enhance readability and meaning. Examples include anastrophe, parallelism, polysyndeton, and asyndeton, which create rhythm, contrast, or emphasis.
- Anastrophe
- Parallelism
- Polysyndeton
- Asyndeton
- Chiasmus
- Antimetabole
- Ellipsis
- Parenthesis
- Tmesis
- Syntax
- Hypotaxis
- Hyperbaton
- Inversion
- Cumulative sentence
- Tautology
- Circumlocution
- Conceit
- Contrast
- Isocolon
- Hypotaxi
- Hypallage
- Accumulation
- Pleonasm
- Periphrasis
- Elegy
- Epigraph
- Intertextuality
What are the Rhetorical Devices?
Rhetorical devices persuade or engage the audience. Examples include ethos, pathos, logos, rhetorical questions, and hypophora, which appeal to logic, emotion, or authority.
- Ethos
- Pathos
- Logos
- Syllogism
- Enthymeme
- Reductio ad Absurdum
- Rhetorical question
- Hypophora
- Aporia
- Erotesis
- Procatalepsis
- Concession
- Apophasis
- Epimone
- Aphorism
- Congeries
- Aposiopesis
- Paraprosdokian
- Riddle
- Satire
- Caricature
- Invective
- anti climax
- Antanaclasis
- Adynaton
- Accismus
- Adnomination
- Antanagoge
- Anthimeria
- Asterismos
- Anagram
- Antithesis
- Concession
- Bathos
- Bdelygmia
What are the Character-Related Devices?
Character-related devices reveal traits or roles of characters. Examples include antihero, foil, hamartia, and hubris, which highlight flaws, contrasts, or archetypal roles.
- Antihero
- Foil
- Hamartia
- Hubris
- Tragic Flaw
- Archetypes
- Catharsis
What are the Sound Devices?
Sound devices use auditory effects to enhance rhythm or mood. Examples include alliteration, assonance, consonance, and onomatopoeia, which create harmony or emphasize key ideas.
- Alliteration
- Assonance
- Consonance
- Onomatopoeia
- Sibilance
- Euphony
- Cacophony
- Half Rhyme
- Caesura
- Zeugma
- Syllepsis
What are the Narrative Techniques/devices?
Narrative devices structure storytelling. Examples include flashbacks, foreshadowing, frame stories, and cliffhangers, which build suspense or provide context.
- Allegory
- Anecdote
- Backstory
- Flashback
- Foreshadowing
- Frame story
- In Medias Res
- Parallel Plot
- Cliffhanger
- Perspective
- Point of view
- Narrative voice
- Exposition
- Omniscient
- Paralipsis
- Suspense
- Ekphrasis
- Vignette
- Settings
- Naturalism
What are the Poetic Devices?
Poetic devices refine rhythm and emotion in verse. Examples include meter, rhythm, enjambment, and villanelle, which create patterns and artistic expression.
- Villanelle
- Quatrain
- Trimeter
- Meter
- Rhythm
- Enjambment
- Zeugma
- Overstatement
- Apostrophe
- Consonance
What are the Stylistic Devices?
Stylistic devices shape tone and voice. Examples include diction, tone, mood, and archaism, which influence how ideas are conveyed.
- Style
- Purple prose
- Diction
- Archaism
- Tone
- Mood
- Atmosphere
What are the Repetition Devices?
Repetition devices highlight ideas through reoccurrence. Examples include anaphora, epistrophe, epizeuxis, and symploce, which reinforce key themes.
- Anadiplosis
- Anaphora
- Epistrophe
- Epanalepsis
- Epizeuxis
- Symploce
- Repetition
- Polyptoton
- Antistrophe
What are the Common Literary Devices?
Common literary devices are widely used tools to enhance storytelling and expression. Examples include metaphor, simile, alliteration, personification, hyperbole, irony, foreshadowing, symbolism, and imagery, which add depth, emotion, and meaning to text.
- Metaphor
- Simile
- Alliteration
- Personification
- Hyperbole
- Irony
- Foreshadowing
- Onomatopoeia
- Symbolism
- Allusion
- Oxymoron
- Flashback
- Allegory
- Assonance
- Paradox
- Imagery
- Anaphora
- Euphemism
- Colloquialism
- Synecdoche
What are the uncommon Devices?
Uncommon literary devices are less frequently used but provide unique impact. Examples include deus ex machina, anachronism, self-fulfilling prophecy, grawlix, kairos, zoomorphism, and misdirection, which introduce surprises, unusual perspectives, or layered meanings.
- Deus Ex Machina
- Non sequitur
- Self Fulfilling Prophecy
- Truism
- Theme
- Motif
- Colloquialism
- Dialect
- Jargon
- Kairos
- Grawlix
- Palindrome
- Parable
- Proverb
- Humor
- Misdirection
- Soliloquy
- Subtext
- Verbosity
- Tragicomedy
- Subplot
- Zoomorphism
- Anachronism
How to Analyze Literary Devices?
To analyze literary devices, follow these five steps:
- Identify the Device: Spot the literary technique used, such as metaphor, symbolism, or irony.
- Example: In The Great Gatsby, the green light is symbolic of unattainable dreams.
- Understand Its Context: Examine the surrounding text to determine why the device is used.
- Example: The green light appears during Gatsby’s longing moments, reflecting his ambitions.
- Determine Its Function: Assess how the device enhances the narrative, mood, or theme.
- Example: The green light reinforces the theme of hope and disillusionment in the American Dream.
- Evaluate the Emotional Effect: Consider the feelings or thoughts it evokes in the reader.
- Example: The green light stirs both hope and melancholy, illustrating Gatsby’s internal conflict.
- Connect to the Overall Work: Link the device to the author’s intent or the story’s central message.
- Example: Fitzgerald uses the green light to critique societal obsession with wealth and status.
Is there any difference Between Literary Styles And Techniques?
Yes, literary styles and techniques differ in their purpose and scope. Literary styles reflect the author’s unique way of expression of ideas, encompassing tone, language, and structure. wait! I give example, Jane Austen’s witty and ironic style contrasts with Edgar Allan Poe’s dark and atmospheric style.
On the other hand, literary techniques are specific methods used within a work to achieve certain effects, such as symbolism, metaphors, or foreshadowing. Techniques are tools authors employ, while styles define the overall approach to writing.
| Aspect | Literary Styles | Literary Techniques |
|---|---|---|
| Definition | The author’s distinctive way of writing. | Specific methods to enhance storytelling. |
| Purpose | Reflects personality and tone. | Adds depth, emotion, and meaning. |
| Examples | Hemingway’s direct style, Poe’s gothic style. | Symbolism in The Great Gatsby, irony in Pride and Prejudice. |
| Scope | Broad and covers the whole narrative. | Focused on specific parts of the text. |
How Literary devices, literary elements & literary techniques are different form each other?
Literary devices, elements, and techniques differ in function and scope:
| Aspect | Literary Devices | Literary Elements | Literary Techniques |
|---|---|---|---|
| Definition | Tools for adding depth and emotion. | Building blocks of a narrative. | Methods for creating special effects. |
| Examples | Imagery, metaphors, irony. | Plot, setting, conflict. | Symbolism, foreshadowing, hyperbole. |
| Scope | Enhances writing overall. | Essential for story structure. | Adds focused meaning or emphasis. |
| Dependency | Optional but impactful. | Necessary for storytelling. | Used selectively for effect. |
- Literary Devices:
- Definition: General tools used to enhance writing and create deeper meaning.
- Examples: Metaphors, allusions, and imagery.
- Purpose: Enrich storytelling by connecting themes and emotions.
- Literary Elements:
- Definition: Fundamental components of a story’s structure.
- Examples: Plot, setting, and characters.
- Purpose: Form the backbone of any narrative.
- Literary Techniques:
- Definition: Specific methods or strategies to achieve desired effects.
- Examples: Foreshadowing, irony, and symbolism.
- Purpose: Evoke specific responses or emphasize themes.
