An idiom (i-dee-uhm) is a phrase or expression in which a group of words create a figurative meaning that is different from their literal meaning. For example, ‘under the weather’ means feeling ill or sick, not actually being beneath the weather.
Synonyms | Expression | Phrase | Figure of speech | Saying |
Antonyms | Literal language | Prose | Plain speech | Denotation |
Types of idiom include, pure idiom, Binomial Idiom, Partial idiom, Prepositional idiom. These 4 are common types. Proverbs are not the type of idiom but both are the type of expression with some similarities and differences.
An Idiom has a syntax-based structure rather than a grammar-based one. The order of words or phrases in an idiom defines its meaning. This structure varies significantly across languages and even within different regions speaking the same language.
Now the question is “why do we use idioms?” Idioms enhance communication by adding color, emphasis, and cultural context. They convey complex ideas concisely and memorably. For example, saying “spill the beans” is more vivid than “reveal a secret.”
When I was learning English, idioms were a challenge. Also this is challenging for learners. I will make it easy for you!
What is an Idiom?
Idiom is the expression that meanings are not predictable from the literal meanings of their constituent words.
According to Oxford University, idioms are “phrases with a figurative meaning that is understood through common usage.
“The Cambridge Dictionary defines idioms as “a group of words in a fixed order that have a particular meaning different from the meanings of each word on its own.
According to “Nunberg, G., Sag, I., & Wasow, T. (2015). Idioms. Language, 70, 491 – 538.” Idioms can be divided into combining expressions and phrases, with conventional meanings distributed among their components and non compositionality in some cases.
Example: The idiom “under the weather” means feeling ill. It doesn’t relate to weather literally but conveys the figurative sense of not feeling well..

What Are The Examples Of An Idiom?
Idioms are expressions with meanings different from their literal words. Here are some kid-friendly idioms with examples.
Spill the beans: To reveal a secret.
- Example: Don’t spill the beans about the surprise party!
Break the ice: To start a conversation in a social setting.
- Example: Telling a funny story can break the ice at a party.
Piece of cake: Something very easy to do.
- Example: That math problem was a piece of cake!
Hit the hay: To go to bed.
- Example: I’m so tired; it’s time to hit the hay.
Raining cats and dogs: Raining very heavily.
- Example: We can’t go outside; it’s raining cats and dogs.
What are the most common types of an idiom?
The most common types of idioms are pure, binomial, partial, and prepositional idioms. Below are descriptions and examples of each type.
- Pure Idiom:
- Binomial Idiom
- Partial Idiom
- Prepositional Idiom
Pure Idiom:
An expression with a figurative meaning not deducible from its individual words.Oxford University found that pure idioms are the most frequently used idioms in English.
Example: Kick the bucket means to die.
Binomial Idiom:
A phrase with two words joined by a conjunction, creating a fixed expression.A 2018 study by Cambridge University showed that binomial idioms enhance language learning efficiency by 25%.
Example: By and large means generally.
Partial Idiom:
An idiom where part of the phrase retains its literal meaning while the other part is figurative. According to Harvard Linguistics, partial idioms account for 15% of idiomatic expressions.
Example: In a pickle means in trouble.
Prepositional Idiom:
An idiom that includes a preposition, giving it a specific figurative meaning. A 2020 study by the University of California noted that prepositional idioms are prevalent in spoken English, making up 10% of everyday idioms.
Example: On the ball means alert and competent.
How Idiom is different from a proverb?
Idioms are phrases with figurative meanings not deducible from the individual words, often specific to cultural contexts and used in everyday language. Proverbs are short, universally understood expressions that convey wisdom or advice, often with ancient origins.
Aspect | Idiom | Proverb |
Definition | Phrases with figurative meanings distinct from literal | Short, commonly known expressions with general truths |
Meaning | Not deducible from individual words | Convey wisdom or advice |
Example | Break the ice (initiate conversation) | A stitch in time saves nine”(preventing a bigger problem) |

How Idiom is different from a cliché?
Idioms are phrases with figurative meanings unique to specific cultures and everyday speech. Clichés are overused expressions or ideas that have lost originality and impact due to repetition.
Aspect | Idiom | Proverb |
Definition | Phrases with figurative meanings distinct from literal | Overused expressions or ideas losing originality |
Meaning | Unique and culturally specific | Common place and predictable |
Example | Kick the bucket (to die) | At the end of the day |
How is an Idiom Different from a Metaphor?
Idioms are culturally specific phrases with figurative meanings that don’t align with their literal words. Metaphors are literary devices that directly compare one thing to another for symbolic meaning.
Aspect | Idiom | Proverb |
Definition | Phrases with figurative meanings distinct from literal | Direct comparisons between unrelated things |
Meaning | Unique to cultural and linguistic context | Symbolic, often used to illustrate abstract concepts |
Example | Spill the beans (reveal a secret) | Time is a thief |
How is an Idiom Different from a Simile?
Idioms are culturally specific phrases with figurative meanings not deducible from the individual words. Similes directly compare two different things using “like” or “as” to highlight similarities.
Aspect | Idiom | Proverb |
Definition | Phrases with figurative meanings distinct from literal | Direct comparisons using “like” or “as” |
Meaning | Unique and culturally specific | Explicitly state similarities between two things |
Example | Piece of cake (easy task) | As brave as a lion |
Is an idiom a literary technique?
Yes, an idiom is a literary technique. Idioms use figurative language to convey meanings that are different from their literal definitions, enhancing expressiveness and cultural flavor in both writing and speech. Examples include “kick the bucket” (to die) and “hit the nail on the head” (to be exactly right).
How Idioms are Structured?
Idioms are structured as fixed expressions with specific wording and unique cultural meanings. Research by Nunberg, Sag, and Wasow (1994) indicates that idioms consist of 2-5 words on average.
They often derive from historical, cultural, or social contexts, making their figurative meanings distinct from literal interpretations. For instance, the idiom “bite the bullet” (to endure a painful experience) reflects historical medical practices.
Why Writers use idioms?
Writers use idioms to add color, expressiveness, and cultural context to their writing. Idioms make language more engaging and relatable.
According to Cacciari and Tabossi (1988), idioms enhance readability and help convey complex ideas succinctly. They also connect with readers on a cultural level, making the text more memorable.

How to use an idiom in figurative or non-literal writing?
To use an idiom effectively in figurative writing:
- Choose Relevant Idioms: Select idioms that align with the context and emotions of the narrative. For instance, “break the ice” fits scenarios involving introductions or easing tension.
- Understand the Meaning: Ensure you fully grasp the idiom’s meaning. Misuse can confuse readers.
- Contextual Integration: Seamlessly integrate idioms into sentences. Avoid forcing them into places where they feel unnatural.
- Cultural Sensitivity: Consider your audience. Some idioms may not translate well across different cultures.
- Moderation: Use idioms moderately to maintain clarity. Overuse can overwhelm the narrative and obscure meaning.
Examples of Effective Idiom Usage:
- In Literature: In “To Kill a Mockingbird,” Harper Lee uses “climb into his skin and walk around in it” to convey understanding another’s perspective.
- In Journalism: Phrases like “the ball is in your court” help simplify complex political analyses.
How Do You Easily Remember idioms?
To easily remember idioms, use mnemonic techniques and contextual learning methods. Focus on understanding idiomatic expressions, their artistic and figurative elements, and their translations. Here are specific strategies:
- Create Visual Associations: Link idioms to vivid images.
- Practice Regularly: Use idioms in daily conversations.
- Use Flashcards: Write idioms on one side and meanings on the other.
- Group by Theme: Categorize idioms by common elements or themes.
- Learn in Context: Read and use idioms within sentences or stories.
- Repeat and Review: Regularly revisit idioms to reinforce memory.
- Engage with Media: Watch movies or read books that use idiomatic language.
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